What is a colonoscopy?

Colonoscopy (fibrocolonoscopy, FCS) is a modern instrumental method of examining the mucous membrane of the intestine, which makes it possible to detect the presence of a number of diseases with high probability. This is the most accurate method of examination, which has no analogues in the possibilities of diagnosis and treatment. A special optical device - a colonoscope - is used for research.

Its structural parts are a probe, lighting elements, air supply tubes, an eyepiece for video transmission, forceps for biopsy (taking samples) and removal of foreign bodies, loops for polyectomy (removal of polyps). All modern devices are equipped with video cameras for taking pictures and transferring the image to the monitor screen installed in the manipulation room or operating room.

To minimize discomfort from the delicate procedure, we offer to perform it under sedation. For this, the anesthesiologist injects a drug that plunges the patient into a short-term sleep, during which he does not feel any manipulation.

Purpose of colonoscopy
Colonoscopy allows detecting a number of diseases in the early stages to exclude the development of serious complications.

The study allows for the most accurate and timely diagnosis of almost all the most dangerous pathologies of the colon:

• inflammation (colitis, Crohn's disease);
• ulcers and erosions;
• polyps and tumors;
• intestinal bleeding, etc.

During an endoscopic examination, specialists can take tissue samples for biopsy.

Colonoscopy provides a unique opportunity to perform a number of pathologies without performing cavity operations.

Indications for colonoscopy
In addition to already diagnosed cases of colon cancer and other serious pathologies, indications for mandatory colonoscopy are:

• suspicion of an intestinal disease (blood and mucus in the stool, repeated regular constipation or diarrhea, abdominal distension and pain in the intestines);
• detection of hidden blood in feces;
• increase of specific tumor markers in blood tests;
• anemia (low hemoglobin);
• sensation of a foreign body in the rectum;
• low-grade fever (increased temperature over a long period) of unclear etiology;
• emaciation;
• the need to control the course of treatment;
• diagnosis of tumors, polyps and other neoplasms in the large intestine in relatives;
• age older than 45 years (in order to prevent colon cancer).

The study is performed in the knee-elbow position or lying on the side. The pre-gelled probe is carefully inserted into the patient's rectum and slowly advanced.

In the process, doctors carefully monitor the patient's reaction, choosing the pace of the introduction of the probe, helping its passage by palpating the abdomen, etc. As a result, the introduction of a thin probe occurs with minimal discomfort. As for possible painful sensations, they depend on the condition of the intestines.

During the examination, the specialist examines the mucous membrane, evaluates its tone and ability to contract, excludes or confirms the presence of a tumor, takes tissue samples for biopsy (examination), removes polyps (up to 1 mm), small benign neoplasms, etc., removes foreign body bleeding.

Preparation for colonoscopy
The quality of the colonoscopy is significantly influenced by the degree of preparation of the intestines for examination. The key to the high accuracy and informativeness of a colonoscopy is the patient's exact compliance with the rules of preparation for the examination. It is important to follow a special diet, and on the eve of the procedure to thoroughly clean the intestines.

Colonoscopy results
You will learn about the detailed results of the colonoscopy within 10-20 minutes after the procedure, receive a medical opinion in your hands. It includes a research protocol with a detailed description of all detected changes, their features and localization. If the doctor performs any manipulations during the process, they are also noted in the document.

Based on the recommendation of the diagnostician, you can immediately make an appointment with specialists for the fastest possible diagnosis and selection of the optimal treatment regimen.

Contraindications to colonoscopy
The main contraindications to colonoscopy are severe degrees of hypertension, pulmonary and heart failure, strokes, peritonitis, significant disorders of the blood coagulation system, ulcerative or ischemic colitis in severe forms, adhesion disease. At the same time, in any case, before the procedure, a specialist's consultation is necessary to clarify possible contraindications.

Colonoscopy appointment
Early detection of serious diseases of the large intestine will give you the opportunity to get rid of the disease in a short time, and in many cases - without surgical intervention.