Liquid cytology of the cervix and HPV test

Liquid cytology is currently recognized as one of the most informative methods for assessing cell structure. This method allows detecting even the initial signs of the pathological process. And in combination with PCR testing for HPV, the diagnostic value of complex oncological screening increases many times.

Liquid cytology is the most accurate method of evaluating the structure of epithelial cells. Its essence is that all the obtained material is subjected to cytological analysis (a special brush is placed in a tube with a liquid medium, and then preparations for microscopy are prepared). Therefore, if pathological signs are present only in single cells, with the help of liquid cytology, they will most likely be detected (with ordinary cytology, these chances are lower, because part of the sampled material does not fall on the glass, which can cause false-negative results).

HPV test
Papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer. However, different strains of the virus have different oncogenic potential. The DNA of the most dangerous types of papillomavirus is determined as part of the comprehensive diagnosis of the condition of the cervical epithelium. Based on this information, the gynecologist develops a program for further cancer screening and determines the need for treatment if changes are detected.

In girls under the age of 20, false-positive results are possible due to the presence of changes in the epithelium against the background of transient hormonal disorders.

The comprehensive study "Liquid cytology + HPV test" is aimed at assessing the risks of developing cervical cancer. The analysis allows a cytological assessment of the condition of the mucous membrane of the ecto- and endocervix. The study is complemented by DNA determination of highly oncogenic types of papillomavirus.

The material for research is a scraping of the epithelium obtained from the vaginal part of the cervix and the cervical canal. You can undergo diagnostics by prior appointment at a convenient time. The result is ready in 5-7 days.

Indications for use
Liquid cytology with HPV testing is recommended for all women over 20 years of age as an early diagnosis of pathological processes of the cervix. A comprehensive examination helps to detect inflammatory, atrophic, dysplastic and malignant processes.

The periodicity of the examination (once a year or less) is determined by the gynecologist after a detailed study of the clinical case and an individual assessment of oncological risk factors.

In young patients under 20 years of age, false-positive results may be obtained, which are associated with active hormonal processes. The gynecologist will help choose the optimal examination scheme, depending on age.

Preparation
To obtain objective and reliable results, it is recommended to properly prepare for the study:

• sign up for a comprehensive analysis on certain days of the cycle - no earlier than the 5th day and no later than 5 days before the start of the next menstruation (at this time, the structure of the epithelium is most physiological);
• within 48 hours refrain from any vaginal interventions (sexual intercourse, use of vaginal suppositories and creams, douching).

After transvaginal ultrasound, it is recommended to take the material for liquid cytology and HPV testing no earlier than 48 hours later. The analysis is not performed against the background of antibacterial and antiseptic therapy, as well as on menstrual days.

Cytological control after the end of treatment of urogenital infection is recommended to be carried out no earlier than 2 months. During this period, the surface layers of the epithelium covering the cervix are completely renewed, and therefore real results can be obtained after therapy.